The main aim of this study was to review and synthesize the literature on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) tested empirically by researchers worldwide to predict college students’ online purchase intention using its antecedents. This article meta-analyzed the correlations between the three independent constructs of TPB: attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and one dependent construct, purchase intention. The researchers reviewed 1,798 articles generated through seven electronic database searches for the period from 2003 – 2020. These studies were screened against the inclusion-exclusion criteria using PRISMA, leaving 15 study records for performing a systematic review and meta-analysis. The findings confirmed a strong relationship between attitude and purchase intention, subjective norms and purchase intention, and perceived behavioral control and purchase intention. This indicated that the TPB constructs significantly predicted the online purchase intention of college students.

1. Agarwal, V., Sahoo, R., & Agarwal, A. (2019). A study on factors affecting mobile phone buying behaviour in Bhubaneswar and Cuttack. Indian Journal of Marketing, 49(11), 20–38. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2019/v49/i11/148274
2. Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior, In, J. Kuhl, & J. Beckmann (eds.), Action control. SSSP Springer Series in Social Psychology (pp. 11–39). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69746-3_2
3. Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
4. Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1975). A Bayesian analysis of attribution processes. Psychological Bulletin, 82(2), 261–277. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076477
5. Ajzen, I., & Madden, T. J. (1986). Prediction of goal-directed behavior: Attitudes, intentions, and perceived behavioral control. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 22(5), 453–474. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(86)90045-4
6. Al-Debei, M. M., Akroush, M. N., & Ashouri, M. I. (2015). Consumer attitudes towards online shopping: The effects of trust, perceived benefits, and perceived web quality. Internet Research, 25(5), 707–733. https://doi.org/10.1108/IntR-05-2014-0146
7. Aldousari, A. A., Delafrooz, N., Ab Yajid, M. S., & Ahmed, Z. U. (2016). Determinants of consumers' attitudes toward online shopping. Journal of Transnational Management, 21(4), 183–199. https://doi.org/10.1080/15475778.2016.1226658
8. Al-Jabari, M., Norezam Othman, S., & Kamariah Nik Mat, N. (2012). Actual online shopping behavior among Jordanian customers. American Journal of Economics, 2(4), 125–129. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.economics.20120001.28
9. Al-Swidi, A. K., Behjati, S., & Shahzad, A. (2012). Antecedents of online purchasing intention among MBA students: The case of University Utara Malaysia using the partial least squares approach. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(15), 35–49. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v7n15p35
10. Arora, N., & Aggarwal, A. (2018). The role of perceived benefits in formation of online shopping attitude among women shoppers in India. South Asian Journal of Business Studies, 7(1), 91–110. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAJBS-04-2017-0048
11. Barska, A., & Wojciechowska-Solis, J. (2020). E-consumers and local food products: A perspective for developing online shopping for local goods in Poland. Sustainability, 12(12), 4958. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12124958
12. Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P., & Rothstein, H. R. (2009). Introduction to meta-analysis. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470743386
13. Chang, M. K. (1998). Predicting unethical behavior: A comparison of the theory of reasoned action and the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 17, 1825–1834. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005721401993
14. Chau, P. Y., Au, G., & Tam, K. Y. (2000). Impact of information presentation modes on online shopping: An empirical evaluation of a broadband interactive shopping service. Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce, 10(1), 1–22.
15. Cheng, H.-H., & Huang, S.-W. (2013). Exploring antecedents and consequence of online group-buying intention: An extended perspective on theory of planned behavior. International Journal of Information Management, 33(1), 185–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2012.09.003
16. Cochran, W. G. (1952). The χ2 test of goodness of fit. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 23(3), 315–345. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2236678
17. Cohen, J. (1992). Statistical power analysis. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 1(3), 98–101. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.ep10768783
18. Crespo, Á. H., & Rodríguez del Bosque, I. (2008). The effect of innovativeness on the adoption of B2C e-commerce: A model based on the theory of planned behaviour. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(6), 2830–2847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2008.04.008
19. De Vivo, M., Hulbert, S., Mills, H., & Uphill, M. (2016). Examining exercise intention and behaviour during pregnancy using the theory of planned behaviour: A meta-analysis. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 34(2), 122–138. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2015.1118022
20. Delafrooz, N., Paim, L. H., & Khatibi, A. (2011). Understanding consumer's internet purchase intention in Malaysia. African Journal of Business Management, 5(3), 2837–2846. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM10.1266
21. Dennis, C., Jayawardhena, C., & Papamatthaiou, E.-K. (2010). Antecedents of internet shopping intentions and the moderating effects of substitutability. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 20(4), 411–430. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593969.2010.504008
22. George, J. F. (2004). The theory of planned behavior and internet purchasing. Internet Research, 14(3), 198–212. https://doi.org/10.1108/10662240410542634
23. Giri, A., Biswas, W., & Biswas, D. (2018). The impact of social networking sites on college students: A survey study in West Bengal. Indian Journal of Marketing, 48(8), 7–23. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2018/v48/i8/130536
24. Heirman, W., Walrave, M., & Ponnet, K. (2013). Predicting adolescents' disclosure of personal information in exchange for commercial incentives: An application of an extended theory of planned behavior. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 16(2), 81–87. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2012.0041
25. Hemphill, J. F. (2003). Interpreting the magnitudes of correlation coefficients. American Psychologist, 58(1), 78–79. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.58.1.78
26. Higgins, J. P., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003). Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ (Online), 327(7414), 557–560. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557
27. Hsu, M.-H., Yen, C.-H., Chiu, C.-M., & Chang, C.-M. (2006). A longitudinal investigation of continued online shopping behavior : An extension of the theory of planned behavior. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 64(9), 889–904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2006.04.004
28. Huedo-Medina, T. B., Sánchez-Meca, J., Marín-Martínez, F., & Botella, J. (2006). Assessing heterogeneity in meta-analysis: Q statistic or I2 index? Psychological Methods, 11(2), 193–206. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.11.2.193
29. Jain, R., & Kulhar, M. (2019). Barriers to online shopping. International Journal of Business Information Systems, 30(1), 31–50. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBIS.2019.097043
30. Jamovi. (2020). Jamovi. (Version 1.2) [Computer Software]. https://www.jamovi.org
31. Joo, J. H. (2015). Understanding Korean college students' social commerce behavior through an integrated model of technology readiness, technology acceptance model, and theory of planned behavior. Journal of Digital Convergence, 13(7), 99–107. https://doi.org/10.14400/jdc.2015.13.7.99
32. Kang, J.-Y., & Kim, E. (2012). E-Mass customisation apparel shopping: Effects of desire for unique consumer products and perceived risk on purchase intentions. International Journal of Fashion Design, Technology and Education, 5(2), 91–103. https://doi.org/10.1080/17543266.2011.641593
33. Kaplan, H. E. (2018). Factors determining e-consumer behavior: An empirical research on the theory of planned behavior (TPB). International Review of Management & Business Research, 7(3), 699–711. https://doi.org/10.30543/7-3(2018)-6
34. Kim, J., & Park, J. (2005). A consumer shopping channel extension model: Attitude shift toward the online store. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 9(1), 106–121. https://doi.org/10.1108/13612020510586433
35. Korzaan, M.L., & Rutner, P. S. (2003). Intentions to purchase and the online experience. AMCIS 2003 Proceedings, 41. https://aisel.aisnet.org/amcis2003/41
36. Kurup, A. J., & Jain, P. (2018). Effect of e-loyalty cues on repurchase behavioural intentions among online shoppers. Indian Journal of Marketing, 48(11), 7–22. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2018/v48/i11/137982
37. Laohapensang, O. (2009). Factors influencing internet shopping behaviour: A survey of consumers in Thailand. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 13(4), 501–513. https://doi.org/10.1108/13612020910991367
38. Lee, S.-H., & Ngoc, H. T. (2010). Investigating the on-line shopping intentions of Vietnamese students: An extension of the theory of planned behaviour. World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education, 8(4), 471 – 476.
39. Lee, W.-I., Cheng, S.-Y., & Shih, Y.-T. (2017). Effects among product attributes, involvement, word-of-mouth, and purchase intention in online shopping. Asia Pacific Management Review, 22(4), 223–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2017.07.007
40. Li, Y., Xu, Z., & Xu, F. (2018). Perceived control and purchase intention in online shopping: The mediating role of self-efficacy. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 46(1), 99–105. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.6377
41. Lim, Y. J., Osman, A., Salahuddin, S. N., Romle, A. R., & Abdullah, S. (2016). Factors influencing online shopping behavior: The mediating role of purchase intention. Procedia Economics and Finance, 35, 401–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(16)00050-2
42. Lin, H.-F. (2007). Predicting consumer intentions to shop online: An empirical test of competing theories. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 6(4), 433–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2007.02.002
43. Linge, A., Singh, S., Singh, M., & Kakde, B. (2021). Factors affecting repeat purchase intention in online shopping in Vidarbha. Empirical Economic Letter, 20(4), 125–138.
44. Mohamed, N. B., Medina, I. G., & Romo, Z. G. (2018). The effect of cosmetics packaging design on consumers' purchase decisions. Indian Journal of Marketing, 48(12), 50–61. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2018/v48/i12/139556
45. Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. BMJ (Online), 339, 332–336. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2535
46. Nadlifatin, R., Miraja, B. A., Persada, S. F., Belgiawan, P. F., Redi, A. P., & Lin, S.-C. (2020). The measurement of university students' intention to use blended learning system through technology acceptance model (TAM) and theory of planned behavior (TPB) at developed and developing regions: Lessons learned from Taiwan and Indonesia. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 15(9), 219–230. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i09.11517
47. Oly Ndubisi, N., & Sinti, Q. (2006). Consumer attitudes, system's characteristics and internet banking adoption in Malaysia. Management Research News, 29(1–2), 16–27. https://doi.org/10.1108/01409170610645411
48. R Core Team. (2019). R: A language and environment for statistical computing (Version 3.6) [Computer software]. https://cran.r-project.org/
49. Raman, P. (2020). Online shopping characteristics and their influence on female buying behavior: An extension of the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations, 18(4), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.4018/JECO.2020100101
50. Rehman, S. U., Bhatti, A., Mohamed, R., & Ayoup, H. (2019). The moderating role of trust and commitment between consumer purchase intention and online shopping behavior in the context of Pakistan. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 9, Article 43. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-019-0166-2
51. Rong-Da Liang, A., & Lim, W. M. (2011). Exploring the online buying behavior of specialty food shoppers. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(4), 855–865. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2011.01.006
52. Sharma, P., Gupta, S., & Kapoor, D. (2020). Digital marketing and consumer millennials: A comparative study of men, women, and transgender consumers' buying behaviour in Punjab. Indian Journal of Marketing, 50(3), 47–57. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2020/v50/i3/151029
53. Shim, S., Eastlick, M. A., Lotz, S. L., & Warrington, P. (2001). An online prepurchase intentions model: The role of intention to search: Best overall paper award—The sixth triennial AMS/ACRA retailing conference, 2000. Journal of Retailing, 77(3), 397–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-4359(01)00051-3
54. Thakur, A., Shabnam, & Kaur, R. (2017). An empirical study on consumer trust in online shopping in Punjab. Indian Journal of Marketing, 47(2), 47–59. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2017/v47/i2/110027
55. Turan, A. H. (2012). Internet shopping behavior of Turkish customers: Comparison of two competing models. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 7(1), 77–93. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-18762012000100007
56. Venkatesan, M., Fitzgerald, C. B., & Coey, A. M. (2004). Unexpected magnetism in a dielectric oxide. Nature, 430, 630. https://doi.org/10.1038/430630a
57. Yakasai, A. B., & Jusoh, W. J. (2015). Testing the theory of planned behavior in determining intention to use digital coupon among university students. Procedia Economics and Finance, 31, 186–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(15)01145-4
58. Zuroni, M. J., & Goh, H. L. (2012). Factors influencing consumers' attitude towards e-commerce purchases through online shopping. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2(4), 223–230. http://www.cpinet.info/index.php?key=callpaper