New IJM now accepts submissions exclusively via the Editorial Scholar portal — a dedicated submission & review system.
Go to Editorial Scholar →
Associated Management Consultants Pvt. Ltd. | COPE Member · ID: JM07589
Scopus Q3 UGC-CARE ABDC: C |
Indian Journal of Marketing logo

Indian Journal of Marketing

ISSN: 0973-8703 Frequency: Monthly Peer Review: Double-blind Published since: 1968 Language: English
A publication of AMCPL
amcon.co.in
New Delhi, India
Indexed in: Scopus Q3 UGC-CARE Group II ABDC: C Google Scholar J-Gate NISCAIR Crossref

Research Article

Subscription Research Article

Consumer Response to Shrinkflation : Evidence from the FMCG Market in Delhi-NCR

Deepika Goel1*, Apoorva Gupta2, Neha Verma3, Manoj Sinha4

1Professor of Economics (Corresponding Author), Department of Economics, Aryabhatta College, University of Delhi, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi - 110 021. (Email : [email protected]) ; ORCID iD : https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1823-2160

2Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Mahatma Hansraj Marg, Malka Ganj, Delhi - 110 007. (Email : [email protected]) ; ORCID iD : https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8224-9781

3Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi - 110 007. (Email : [email protected]) ; ORCID iD : https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3522-244X

4Principal, Professor of Political Science, Aryabhatta College, University of Delhi, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi - 110 021. (Email : [email protected]) ; ORCID iD : https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9945-2394

Volume 56
Issue 10
Pages 8–28
Year 2026
Received: Nov. 5, 2025 Accepted: July 30, 2026 Published: Oct. 15, 2026
Abstract

Purpose : The study examined the determinants of noticing shrinkflation and their association with consumer purchasing behavior and perceptions across five fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) product categories: food, personal care, cleaning products, stationery, and alcohol. For this study, survey data from Delhi-NCR were collected, and logit models were estimated.

Design/Methodology/Approach : Data were collected through a structured questionnaire across Delhi and the National Capital Region of India, from January 2025 to April 2025. Logit regressions identified factors associated with consumers’ noticing shrinkflation.

Findings : Consumers noticed shrinkflation, particularly in food and beverages. Awareness was higher among women, urban residents, frequent shoppers, and consumers who checked unit prices, but lower among middle- and high-income households. Awareness about shrinkflation was associated with higher product switching and the perception of higher effective taxation. Quality reductions affected consumption more than quantity reductions, a statistically significant difference for food and cleaning products. Buying branded products is consistently associated with a lower probability of noticing shrinkflation for all product categories except cleaning products. Quantity reductions were associated with significantly higher monthly expenditure for personal care and cleaning products.

Practical Implications : Voluntary disclosures of packaging and pricing changes could let firms manage costs while maintaining consumer trust. Regulatory monitoring of essential FMCG products that consumers kept buying despite higher effective prices could protect consumer welfare.

Originality/Value : The study contributed to the scanty literature on shrinkflation by conducting a primary Delhi-NCR (India) survey spanning different age groups and income strata. The study used logit regressions to estimate the determinants of noticing shrinkflation and its association with various parameters, such as brand value of the product, consumption, and average monthly expenditure of households.

Keywords shrinkflation India FMCG market brand value
How to Cite

Goel, D., Gupta, A., Verma, N., & Sinha, M. (2026). Consumer response to shrinkflation: Evidence from the FMCG market in Delhi-NCR. Indian Journal of Marketing, 56(10), 8–28. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2026/v56/i10/176110

References

1)     Ali, S. M., & Akhtar, M. W. (2024). Comparison between rural and urban consumer behaviour: An empirical study. In Contemporary research in business, management and economics (Vol. 2, pp. 142–153). BP International. https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crbme/v2/7671C 

2)     Anand, R., Kumar, N., & Tulin, V. (2016). Understanding India's food inflation through the lens of demand and supply. In R. Anand & P. Cashin (Eds.), Taming Indian inflation (pp. 75–111). International Monetary Fund. https://doi.org/10.5089/9781513541259.071 

3)     Angelico, C., & Di Giacomo, F. (2026). Heterogeneous inflation expectations and forecast errors across the income distribution: The role of memory. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 246, Article 107552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2026.107552 

4)     Bakshi, M., & Verma, R. (2023). Cause-related marketing and purchase intention: A study on Indian millennials. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 16(10), 32–45. https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2023/v16i10/173196 

5)     Banerjee, S., & Bhattacharya, R. (2025). Inflation dynamics in India during the twin shocks of COVID-19 and Ukraine war. South Asian Journal of Macroeconomics and Public Finance, 14(1), 99–132. https://doi.org/10.1177/22779787251338902 

6)     Bansal, B. (2024, March 14). Examining the awareness and impact of shrinkflation on consumer behaviors in the US. YouGov. https://yougov.com/en-us/articles/48921-examining-the-awareness-and-impact-of-shrinkflation-on-consumer-behaviors-in-the-us 

7)     Bansal, M., & Garg, N. (2026). Consumer responses to shrinkflation in the FMCG sector: A systematic literature review. ShodhPrabandhan: Journal of Management Studies, 3(1), 93–100. https://doi.org/10.29121/ShodhPrabandhan.v3.i1.2026.93 

8)     Bennett, J. (2022, December 1). Beyond inflation numbers: Shrinkflation and skimpflation. Page One Economics. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. https://www.stlouisfed.org/publications/page-one-economics/2022/12/01/beyond-inflation-numbers-shrinkflation-and-skimpflation 

9)     Bhat, M. A., Wani, F., Alam, T., & Wani, A. M. (2024). From swelling prices to shrinking sizes: Evaluating the ripple effects of inflation and shrinkflation on the economic growth of BIPS countries. Macroeconomics and Finance in Emerging Market Economies, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/17520843.2024.2385207 

10)  Çakır, M. (2022). Retail pass-through of package downsizing. Agribusiness, 38(2), 259–278. https://doi.org/10.1002/agr.21724 

11)  Çakır, M., & Balagtas, J. V. (2014). Consumer response to package downsizing: Evidence from the Chicago ice cream market. Journal of Retailing, 90(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretai.2013.06.002 

12)  Çakır, M., Balagtas, J. V., Okrent, A. M., & Urbina-Ramirez, M. (2021). Effects of package size on household food purchases. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 43(2), 781–801. https://doi.org/10.1093/aepp/ppz019 

13)  Causa, O., Soldani, E., Luu, N., & Soriolo, C. (2022). A cost-of-living squeeze? Distributional implications of rising inflation (OECD Economics Department Working Papers No. 1744). OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/4b7539a3-en 

14)  Chalioti, E., & Serfes, K. (2024). Shrinkflation. Economics Letters, 244, Article 111959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2024.111959 

15)  Chetty, R., Looney, A., & Kroft, K. (2009). Salience and taxation: Theory and evidence. American Economic Review, 99(4), 1145–1177. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.99.4.1145 

16)  Dodds, W. B., Monroe, K. B., & Grewal, D. (1991). Effects of price, brand, and store information on buyers' product evaluations. Journal of Marketing Research, 28(3), 307–319. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224379102800305 

17)  Dubey, J., & Patel, R. P. (2004). Small wonders of the Indian market. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 4(2), 145–151. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.165 

18)  Evangelidis, I. (2024). Frontiers: Shrinkflation aversion: When and why product size decreases are seen as more unfair than equivalent price increases. Marketing Science, 43(2), 280–288. https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2023.0269 

19)  Evangelidis, I. (2026). Skimpflation penalty: Decreases in product quality trigger stronger consumer reactions than decreases in size or increases in price. Journal of Consumer Research. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucag019 

20)  Franc-Dąbrowska, J., Vaverka, I., & Vaverková, M. D. (2026). Shrinkflation across borders: Examining Japan's response and global implications amid rising inflation. International Review of Economics, 73(1), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12232-025-00514-w 

21)  Gupta, K., Raman, T. V., Deol, O. S., & Gupta, K. (2022). Environment, social, and governance performance and firm risk: A study of the Indian consumer goods sector. Indian Journal of Finance, 16(8), 29–45. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijf/2022/v16i8/171373 

22)  Gupta, S. (2023). An assessment of the factors affecting cause-enjoined marketing offerings and its impact on consumer behavior. Indian Journal of Marketing, 53(3), 42–56. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2023/v53/i3/172008 

23)  Holbrook, M. B. (1992). Product quality, attributes, and brand name as determinants of price: The case of consumer electronics. Marketing Letters, 3(1), 71–83. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00994082 

24)  Jain, A., Yadav, P., & Kochhar, K. (2024). Do green banking practices change customers' attitudes and behavior: A conceptual model. Indian Journal of Finance, 18(4), 25–43. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijf/2024/v18i4/173725 

25)  Jain, R. (2022). Impact of the pandemic on consumer behavior and business strategy in India. Indian Journal of Marketing, 52(2), 23–33. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2022/v52/i2/168152 

26)  Janssen, A., & Kasinger, J. (2026). Shrinkflation and consumer demand. Marketing Science, 45(1), 142–158. https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2024.0948 

27)  Joshy, A., & Banudevi, P. B. (2024). Consumer's price sensitivity and shrinkflation strategy as a trailblazer of chocolate market. Journal of Informatics Education and Research, 4(1), 214–222. https://doi.org/10.52783/jier.v4i1.542 

28)  Kaplan, G., & Schulhofer-Wohl, S. (2017). Inflation at the household level. Journal of Monetary Economics, 91, 19–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2017.08.002 

29)  Kar, B., Tripathy, A., & Pathak, M. D. (2022). What causes product returns in online purchases? A review and research agenda. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 15(4), 46–62. https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2022/v15i4/162837 

30)  Khoja, S. A. (2025). Shrinkflation in India: Socio-economic consequences for low- and middle-income consumers. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 6(9), 3840–3854. https://ijrpr.com/uploads/V6ISSUE9/IJRPR52996.pdf 

31)  Kim, I. K. (2024). Consumers' preference for downsizing over package price increases. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 33(1), 25–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/jems.12548 

32)  Kourav, V., & Sharma, A. (2023). Exploring success factors for new product selling in fast-moving consumer goods. Indian Journal of Marketing, 53(3), 8–25. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2023/v53/i3/172653 

33)  Krishna, A., Currim, I. S., & Shoemaker, R. W. (1991). Consumer perceptions of promotional activity. Journal of Marketing, 55(2), 4–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299105500202 

34)  Kumar, A., & Kataria, K. (2023). Coping with shrinkflation: A comprehensive analysis of socio-economic factors shaping consumer awareness in the National Capital Region. Global Journal of Enterprise Information System, 15(4), 7–15. https://www.gjeis.com/index.php/GJEIS/article/view/746 

35)  Kumar, S., & Jain, E. (2024). Role of theory of planned behavior in interpreting sustainable consumption behavior: A meta-analysis. Indian Journal of Marketing, 54(10), 63–81. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2024/v54/i10/174605 

36)  Leman, L., & Maradona, R. (2025). When prices stay the same, but contents shrink: Shrinkflation and consumer behavior. Jurnal Akuntansi, Ekonomi dan Manajemen Bisnis, 13(1), 45–53. https://doi.org/10.30871/jaemb.v13i1.9082 

37)  Mahajan, K., & Tomar, S. (2021). COVID-19 and supply chain disruption: Evidence from food markets in India. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 103(1), 35–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajae.12158 

38)  Maria Pon Reka, D., & Santhi, V. E. (2020). A study on rural marketing management of Indian FMCG product. Shanlax International Journal of Management, 7(4), 69–79. https://doi.org/10.34293/management.v7i4.2149 

39)  NielsenIQ. (2022, September 1). FMCG in India continues to recover with double-digit growth in Q2 2022. https://nielseniq.com/global/en/insights/analysis/2022/fmcg-in-india-continues-to-recover-with-double-digit-growth-in-q2-2022/ 

40)  Obrębska, J., & Malak-Rawlikowska, A. (2025). Occurrence of shrinkflation in the Polish food market from the perspective of consumers. Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists, 27(1), 144–159. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.9637 

41)  Ordabayeva, N., & Chandon, P. (2016). In the eye of the beholder: Visual biases in package and portion size perceptions. Appetite, 103, 450–457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2015.10.014 

42)  Padma, S. (2024). Inflationary realities, shrinkflation strategies: Business unveiled. European Economic Letters, 14(1), 308–314. https://doi.org/10.52783/eel.v14i1.1027 

43)  Pahari, S., Ghosal, I., Prasad, B., & Dildar, S. M. (2023). Which determinants impact consumer purchase behavior toward online purchasing of organic food products? Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 16(1), 25–41. https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2023/v16i1/172667 

44)  Papp-Váry, Á. F. (2025). New phenomena and terminology in inflation: Shrinkflation, skimpflation, excuseflation, greedflation, stickyflation and their companions. In I. Klopotan, A. Lorga, & A. Nechad (Eds.), Economic and social development: Building society on the foundations of heritage and culture (Book of proceedings) (pp. 124–134). Varazdin Development and Entrepreneurship Agency; Medimurje University of Applied Sciences in Cakovec. https://www.esd-conference.com/upload/publications/7/Book_of_Proceedings_125_Cakovec_2025.pdf 

45)  Rengkung, L. R., & Paendong, S. M. (2026). Shrinkflation: A consumer perspective. Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting, 26(4), 72–79. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajeba/2026/v26i42222 

46)  Roy, S., & Mandal, K. (2021). Economic price searching, quality seeking, value deriving behavior of women and their relationship with demographics and loyalty: An empirical study. Indian Journal of Marketing, 51(5–7), 32–47. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2021/v51/i5-7/161645 

47)  Saini, G., Sahay, A., & Kalyanaram, G. (2018). An empirical study of latitude of quantity acceptance (LQA) in an emerging economy: India. Journal of Global Marketing, 31(2), 111–127. https://doi.org/10.1080/08911762.2017.1413215 

48)  Sharief, Z., & Panghal, A. (2023). Sustainable consumption: Consumer behavior when purchasing sustainability-labeled food products. Indian Journal of Marketing, 53(8), 47–65. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2023/v53/i8/172975 

49)  Sharma, P. B., Pathak, R., & Ahuja, D. (2023). Effect of negative customer experience and negative confirmation on electronic word-of-mouth: A case of food delivery apps in India. Indian Journal of Marketing, 53(11), 23–40. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2023/v53/i11/170523 

50)  Stigler, G. J. (1961). The economics of information. Journal of Political Economy, 69(3), 213–225. https://doi.org/10.1086/258464 

51)  U.S. Government Accountability Office. (2025, August 12). What is “shrinkflation,” and how has it affected grocery store items recently? WatchBlog: Following the Federal Dollar. https://www.gao.gov/blog/what-shrinkflation-and-how-has-it-affected-grocery-store-items-recently 

52)  Venkatachalam, A., & Nalini, G. S. (2022). Valuation of top three FMCG companies in India. Indian Journal of Finance, 16(7), 57–70. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijf/2022/v16i7/170654 

53)  Wan, X., Harris-Lagoudakis, K., & Crespi, J. M. (2026). Shrinkflation, unit price disclosure, and consumer welfare: Evidence from canned tuna. Food Policy, 142, Article 103106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2026.103106 

54)  Xia, L., Monroe, K. B., & Cox, J. L. (2004). The price is unfair! A conceptual framework of price fairness perceptions. Journal of Marketing, 68(4), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.68.4.1.42733 

55)  Yan, D., Sengupta, J., & Wyer, R. S., Jr. (2014). Package size and perceived quality: The intervening role of unit price perceptions. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 24(1), 4–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2013.08.001 

56)  Yao, J., & Oppewal, H. (2016). Unit pricing increases price sensitivity even when products are of identical size. Journal of Retailing, 92(1), 109–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretai.2015.09.002 

57)  Yao, J., Oppewal, H., & Wang, D. (2020). Cheaper and smaller or more expensive and larger: How consumers respond to unit price increase tactics that simultaneously change product price and package size. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 48(6), 1075–1094. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-019-00716-z 

58)  Yousuf, S., & Ali, S. W. (2025). Customer's transition from conventional brand advocacy to online brand advocacy: A comprehensive review. Indian Journal of Marketing, 55(6), 64–73. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2025/v55/i6/175111 

59)  Zaware, N. (2025). Shrinkflation strategies, ethics, and consumer reactions. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 6(5), 16024–16028. https://doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.6.0525.1984 

Editorial Scholar

Submit your Research to IJM

Submit your Manuscript → Author Guidelines